Preliminary treatment removes trash and grit from wastewater. As wastewater passes through a screen, trash is removed, washed, compacted and placed in a dumpster for disposal in a landfill. Grit is removed by settling. Settled grit is pumped from the bottom of a basin to a washer to remove organics before being discharged to a dumpster. The wastewater then flows to primary treatment.

Primary treatment removes small particles from wastewater by a process called primary clarification. In this phase, wastewater enters large round clarifier tanks which provide time for settleable solids to drop to the bottom. The solids at the bottom of the tanks are sent to a thickening process that reduces volume before being pumped to solids handling for additional stabilization and disposal. The remaining wastewater is pumped to the secondary process. 

Secondary treatment is a biological process called Activated Sludge. The wastewater is mixed with microorganisms that consume most of the remaining organic material. The process takes place in large basins that are aerated so that the organisms have both a food source and oxygen for survival. After leaving the aeration basins, the mixed-liquor flows to secondary clarifiers where the solids are removed through settling. The clear water on top of the clarifiers moves on for the final steps of treatment. Most of the solids that collect on the bottom of the clarifiers are sent back to the aeration basin to continue the process of activated sludge treatment. Some of the solids are sent to thickening and then solids handling.

Solids are generated from the various wastewater treatment processes, and they must be collected and broken down by digestion before they are removed from the facility. Anaerobic digesters are used for this process which ultimately yields a stable and nutrient rich sludge that can be land applied in either a liquid or dewatered form for beneficial reuse.